COLLECTION - Service Manuals
23 manuals available for download
Airplane Photography - Techniques and Applications
Airplane Photography is a 408-page technical reference by Herbert E. Ives (Major, Aviation Section, Signal Officers Reserve Corps, United States Army; Officer in Charge of Experimental Photographic Research, Air Service), published by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and London, 1920. Illustrated with 208 figures, the work addresses aerial photography as a problem in applied science and covers all aspects of aerial photographic practice across 33 chapters in seven parts. Part I (Introductory) covers the airplane as a camera platform and the general principles of aerial photography. Part II (The Airplane Camera) covers lenses, shutters, plate-holders and magazines, hand-held, semi-automatic and automatic cameras, aerial film cameras, motive power, and camera auxiliaries. Part III covers vibration theory, practical camera mountings, and in-plane installation. Part IV covers light distribution in aerial views, emulsion characteristics, filters, exposure, printing media, and photographic chemicals. Part V covers developing, drying, printing, and enlarging. Part VI covers spotting, map-making, oblique and stereoscopic aerial photography, photo-interpretation, and naval aerial photography. Part VII addresses future developments in apparatus and methods, technical and pictorial uses, and exploration and mapping. Table of Contents: Part I — Introductory: - p.15 Chapter 1: General Survey - p.20 Chapter 2: The Airplane Considered as a Camera Platform Part II — The Airplane Camera: - p.39 Chapter 3: The Camera — General Considerations - p.44 Chapter 4: Lenses for Aerial Photography - p.68 Chapter 5: The Shutter - p.87 Chapter 6: Plate-Holders and Magazines - p.95 Chapter 7: Hand-Held Cameras for Aerial Work - p.102 Chapter 8: Non-Automatic Aerial Plate Cameras - p.116 Chapter 9: Semi-Automatic Aerial Plate Cameras - p.124 Chapter 10: Automatic Aerial Plate Cameras - p.130 Chapter 11: Aerial Film Cameras - p.145 Chapter 12: Motive Power for Aerial Cameras - p.163 Chapter 13: Camera Auxiliaries Part III — Camera Suspension and Installation: - p.179 Chapter 14: Theory and Experimental Study of Methods of Camera Suspension - p.193 Chapter 15: Practical Camera Mountings - p.208 Chapter 16: Installation of Cameras and Mountings in Planes Part IV — Sensitized Materials and Chemicals: - p.221 Chapter 17: The Distribution of Light, Shade and Color in the Aerial View - p.227 Chapter 18: Characteristics of Photographic Emulsions - p.239 Chapter 19: Filters - p.247 Chapter 20: Exposure of Aerial Negatives - p.252 Chapter 21: Printing Media - p.257 Chapter 22: Photographic Chemicals Part V — Methods of Handling Plates, Films and Papers: - p.267 Chapter 23: The Developing and Drying of Plates and Films - p.279 Chapter 24: Printing and Enlarging Part VI — Practical Problems and Data: - p.291 Chapter 25: Spotting - p.304 Chapter 26: Map Making - p.320 Chapter 27: Oblique Aerial Photography - p.329 Chapter 28: Stereoscopic Aerial Photography - p.351 Chapter 29: The Interpretation of Aerial Photographs - p.368 Chapter 30: Naval Aerial Photography Part VII — The Future of Aerial Photography: - p.383 Chapter 31: Future Developments in Apparatus and Methods - p.388 Chapter 32: Technical and Pictorial Uses - p.401 Chapter 33: Exploration and Mapping
American Photography Magazine - Volume XVI 1922
American Photography is a 832-page bound annual volume comprising the complete run of the monthly magazine for the year 1922 (Volume XVI, January through December). Edited by Frank Roy Fraprie, M.Sc.Chem., F.R.P.S., and published by the American Photographic Publishing Company, 428 Newbury Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 1922. The magazine was a continuation of several older American photographic periodicals including Anthony's Photographic Bulletin (est. 1870), The Photographic Times (est. 1871), American Amateur Photographer (est. 1889), Camera Notes (est. 1897), Photographic Topics (est. 1892), and Photo-Craft (est. 1918), among others. The twelve monthly issues cover the full range of photographic practice of the period: darkroom chemistry (developers, alkalis, chromium salts, bromide processes, platinum effects), camera technique (focusing, exposure, filters, lenses), portraiture, landscape and pictorial photography, photo-engraving, stereoscopic photography, motion and aerial photography, retouching, mounting and finishing, exhibition practice, and the photographic business. Contributors include major figures of the era: E.J. Wall F.C.S., F.R.P.S., John Wallace Gillies, August Krug, C.M. Harris, Frank Roy Fraprie, and numerous club and salon photographers from across the United States. The volume includes a complete alphabetical index of principal articles with authors and page numbers, and a full index of illustrators. Principal Articles (selection): - p.712 A B C of Photographic Chemistry — Julien J. Proskauer - p.481 Alkalis in Development — E.J. Wall, F.C.S., F.R.P.S. - p.218 Background in Portraiture — Earl E. Johnston - p.413 Big Things in Photography — August Krug - p.428 Bromide Powder Process — E.J. Wall - p.272 Cleaning, Renovating and Remounting Photographs — Harry G. Pearce - p.692 Convection Effects in Photographic Bathing Operations — J. DeWitt Kreps - p.34 Diffused Light and Direct Light, and Some Facts in Practice — Montague H. Pope - p.104 Fifty Years of Dry Plates — Carrol B. Neblette - p.440 Fine Focusing, A Help in F Numbers — Chas. T. Jacobs - p.490 Marine Photography — Arthur Hammond - p.550 Orthochromatic work with the Roll-Film Camera — August Krug - p.16 Outdoor Picture and Figure Studies — Carroll D. Obbetts - p.513 Photographic Equipment for the Advanced Amateur — Herbert C. McKay - p.749 Photographing Children — Mary Heath - p.424 Photographing Exhibition Fowl — A.R. Brown - p.10 Photographing Snow Crystals — Wilson A. Bentley - p.16 Photographing Snow Effects — William S. Davis - p.156 Photography and the Art of Portraiture — Basil Looker - p.86 Photography and Photochemical Research — Frederick D. Frittita - p.606 Pictorial Photography, Exhibition of Whole Exposures — Bertrand H. Wentworth - p.586 Platinum Effects on Solo Paper — James Thomson - p.776 Practical Points on Background Painting — Mervyn Eberie - p.547 San Francisco Salon, The — C.M. Harris - p.228 Softness or Diffusion of Focus — E.J. Wall, F.C.S., F.R.P.S. - p.298 Some Thoughts on Artistic Anatomy — C.H. Ward
FeaturedAntique Trader Cameras and Photographica Price Guide
Comprehensive price guide for antique cameras and photographica spanning nearly two centuries of photographic history. Features approximately 1,600 individual listings with over 1,340 photographs plus a specialized 16-page color section. The guide opens with an authoritative historical overview tracing photography's evolution from daguerreotypes of the 1840s through contemporary cameras, followed by expert commentary on collecting practices and market trends. The nine main chapters systematically address photographic equipment and accessories, magic lanterns and optical toys, stereoscopes and stereo viewers, stereoscopic views, and photographic images including ambrotypes, autochromes, cabinet cards, cartes-de-visite, daguerreotypes, and tintypes. Each entry contains detailed descriptions, historical dating, and current market valuations. Supplementary materials include photographic terminology glossary, selected lists of camera manufacturers, and stereoscope makers. An essential reference for collectors, appraisers, dealers, and auction specialists seeking reliable identification and valuation guidance for antique photographic hardware and images.
Art in Photography - European and American Work 1905
Art in Photography — With Selected Examples of European and American Work is a 284-page illustrated album edited by Charles Holme, published by the Offices of 'The Studio,' London, Paris and New York, 1905. The volume brings together reproductions of the finest art photography of the period, organized in two sections: British and American. The prefatory note by Holme describes the artistic progress of photography in the late nineteenth century and cites the pioneering work of D.O. Hill (Scottish calotypes, 430 portraits for a single painting). The book aims to document the best recent work of leading photographic artists in Europe and America, with reproductions retaining the quality of original prints. Among the contributing photographers are Alfred Stieglitz, Eduard J. Steichen, Alvin L. Coburn, Clarence H. White, J. Craig Annan, F.H. Evans, Frederick Hollyer, Gertrude Käsebier, Eva Watson-Schütze, and Max Ferrars. The British Section presents thirty-four plates (I–XXXIV) and the American Section twenty-four plates (I–XXIV), several reproduced in photogravure or colour. List of Illustrations: British Section: - facing p.GB IV Prof. Munro. By D. O. Hill - facing p.GB XII Lady Ruthven. By D. O. Hill - facing p.GB I Landscape. By A. Horsley Hinton (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.GB II Portrait of Mrs. H. Wilson. By Wm. A. Cadby - facing p.GB III A Village Preacher. By Dan Dunlop - facing p.GB IV Peace. By Alexander Keighley - facing p.GB V St. George's, Hanover Square. By Eustace Calland - facing p.GB VI Briar Rose. By J. Cruwys Richards - facing p.GB VII Portrait of Mrs. Patrick Campbell. By Frederick Hollyer - facing p.GB VIII Village under the Southdowns. By George Davison (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.GB IX 'Twixt Land and Sea. By R. W. Robinson - facing p.GB X The Iris. By C. F. Juston - facing p.GB XI The Siesta. By Clive Holland - facing p.GB XII Winter. By Allan Brothers (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.GB XIII Flowery Pastures. By Henry Neville - facing p.GB XIV Amongst the Housetops. By Walter Benington - facing p.GB XV A Wind Sea. By F. J. Mortimer - facing p.GB XVI The House on the Wall. By C. H. L. Emanuel - facing p.GB XVII Landscape. By Edward Hepburn (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.GB XVIII The Dairy Pasture. By Geo. Vialls - facing p.GB XIX Lombardy Ploughing Team. By J. Craig Annan - facing p.GB XX At Dalmeny. By Charles Moss - facing p.GB XXI A Study in Tones. By Reginald Craigie - facing p.GB XXII Sea of Steps, Wells Cathedral. By F. H. Evans - facing p.GB XXIII Land and Sea. By W. J. Day - facing p.GB XXIV The White Sail. By Alexander Keighley - facing p.GB XXV The Quarry Team. By Archibald Cochrane - facing p.GB XXVI Portrait Study. By William Crooke - facing p.GB XXVII Professor Young. By J. Craig Annan (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.GB XXVIII Windless. By W. Thomas - facing p.GB XXIX Summer Landscape. By Graystone Bird - facing p.GB XXX Nasturtiums. By J. Cruwys Richards (Reproduction in Colours) - facing p.GB XXXI Portrait Study. By J. Cruwys Richards (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.GB XXXII Fog, Whitby Harbour. By F. M. Sutcliffe - facing p.GB XXXIII Land and Sea. By W. J. Day - facing p.GB XXXIV Hauling Sail. By Arthur Marshall American Section: - facing p.US I Maternal Love. By Clarence H. White (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.US II The Bridge, Ipswich. By Alvin L. Coburn - facing p.US III Portrait of an Old Lady. By Gertrude Käsebier - facing p.US IV The Boy. By J. F. Strauss - facing p.US V La Bella. By Eduard J. Steichen - facing p.US VI The Haunted House. By Alvin L. Coburn - facing p.US VII Portrait of Mrs. R. Collier. By Gertrude Käsebier - facing p.US VIII Reflections, Night. By Alfred Stieglitz - facing p.US IX Kundry. By Eva Watson-Schütze - facing p.US X The Hand of Man. By Alfred Stieglitz - facing p.US XI Miss J. D. Reynolds. By Clarence H. White - facing p.US XII Moonlight, Winter. By Eduard J. Steichen - facing p.US XIII A Head Study. By J. T. Keiley (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.US XIV Winter. By W. B. Post - facing p.US XV Shadows. By Alvin L. Coburn - facing p.US XVI Childhood. By Eva Watson-Schütze - facing p.US XVII Going to the Post. By Alfred Stieglitz - facing p.US XVIII The Portfolio. By Clarence H. White - facing p.US XIX Portrait of Franz von Lenbach. By Eduard J. Steichen (Reproduction in Photogravure) - facing p.US XX The Bridge. By J. F. Strauss - facing p.US XXI An American Girl. By S. L. Willard - facing p.US XXII The Kiss. By Clarence H. White - facing p.US XXIII Hester. By W. B. Dyer - facing p.US XXIV Portrait of Clarence H. White. By Eduard J. Steichen
Camera Repair — English Edition
Comprehensive technical reference guide dedicated to the repair and maintenance of photographic cameras, authored by Z. A. Vishnevsky and published in 1964 by Light Industry Publishing House. This practical manual serves both professional repair technicians and experienced amateur photographers, as well as organizations managing large camera inventories. The guide provides detailed examination of the mechanical structure of the majority of photographic devices produced by the optomechanical industry at that time. For each unit and mechanism, the guide describes the precise interaction of components and supplies an exhaustive list of potential malfunctions that may occur during camera operation, along with methods to eliminate them. The book employs a pedagogical structure that classifies cameras according to their design features into four groups, progressing from simple models to the most complex. Particular emphasis is placed on shutter mechanisms, especially that of the Zorkiy model, whose principles apply to most famous curtain-shutter cameras. The opening chapter covers workbench setup, standard watchmaking tools, measuring instruments, and specialized equipment required for camera repair and adjustment. The manual demonstrates the interaction of parts and provides systematic troubleshooting information for each assembly. This resource serves as an indispensable guide for developing and enhancing skills in photographic camera repair and maintenance.
Camera Repair — Russian Edition
Comprehensive manual dedicated to the maintenance and repair of photographic apparatus manufactured in the early 1960s. Published in 1964 by Legkaïa Industriya publishers, this work examines in detail the optical and mechanical mechanisms present in commercial camera models of the period. The guide explores the interaction between various components and systematically describes potential defects and malfunctions that may occur in every assembly and mechanism during normal operation. Authored by Z. A. Vishnevskii, this publication addresses repair technicians, qualified photography enthusiasts, research institutions, and industrial maintenance specialists responsible for servicing large quantities of photographic equipment. The guide draws upon practical hands-on experience and instructional background from teaching repair techniques in specialized training centers. The manual progresses through camera models of increasing complexity, from basic designs to sophisticated instruments, with particular emphasis on the focal plane shutter mechanism—a fundamental design principle widely adopted across professional and commercial photographic apparatus. Each subsequent model receives dedicated attention to modernized features. The work provides practical guidance on workshop setup, essential tools, instruments, and specialized equipment necessary for competent camera service and repair operations.
Camera Repairs — English Edition
Comprehensive technical manual focused on the repair and maintenance of domestic photographic cameras. This detailed guide, edited by E. A. Iofisa, draws upon extensive practical experience in camera repair and modernization work. It addresses the failures of optical and mechanical mechanisms with specific procedures for their correction and elimination. The material is organized by camera type, beginning with the most complex model of each category before addressing simpler variants. Chapters systematically cover Photocor-1, Moscow, Lover, Change, FED, Vigilant, Kiev, and Zenith cameras. For each model, the manual describes unit and mechanism arrangement in detail, explains component interaction, and provides step-by-step troubleshooting and repair procedures suitable for amateur photographers working at home. An introductory section covers optical devices including photographic lenses, diaphragm systems, and rangefinder mechanisms, followed by an appendix containing essential information on optical-mechanical work and detailed descriptions of required tools and equipment. The publication is extensively illustrated with photographs of parts and assemblies demonstrating proper disassembly and reassembly sequences. Intended for amateur photographers seeking to perform minor repairs independently, this guide also offers guidance on more complex repairs requiring specialized workshop conditions and equipment. The practical approach and detailed photography make it an accessible resource for photographers and individuals with precision mechanism experience.
Camera Repairs — Russian Edition
Comprehensive practical manual dedicated to the repair and maintenance of Soviet photographic cameras. This guide addresses the most common mechanical and optical defects found in popular models including Fotokor, Moskva, Liubitel, Smena, FED, Zorkii, Mir, Kiev, and Zenit. Drawing on extensive experience in camera repair and modernization, the guide provides concrete, easily executable advice for resolving minor malfunctions without professional assistance. The manual explains the operation of mechanisms and optical components, clarifies how parts interact, and delivers step-by-step procedures for home-based repairs. For each camera type, the presentation begins with the most complex model, which serves as the foundation for understanding simpler variants. The guide also includes recommendations for more specialized repairs that require properly equipped workshop facilities. Intended for a broad audience of photography enthusiasts, this manual combines detailed explanations with photographic illustrations of mechanisms and assemblies to effectively guide readers through camera disassembly and reassembly procedures. An additional section covers optico-mechanical work and describes the tools required for repair operations.
FeaturedClassic Cameras by Colin Harding
Comprehensive reference work tracing the history and technical evolution of photographic cameras, authored by Colin Harding, Curator at the National Media Museum. The publication presents over 70 iconic camera models from the museum's world-class collections, organized across six chronological and thematic chapters: The Early Years, Wet Plate Cameras, Dry Plates and Roll Film, A New Century, Between the Wars, and Imitation and Innovation. Each apparatus is documented with detailed descriptions, professional photography, and historical context illuminating design innovations and technical significance. The survey encompasses seminal instruments from the camera obscura and daguerreotype era through mechanical masterpieces including the Kodak, Leica, Rolleiflex, and Polaroid Land Camera. High-quality photographs highlight construction details, optical components, and mechanical features of each model. The collection reflects the breadth of photographic technology development, from experimental apparatus to commercially significant designs. Essential resource for camera collectors, photography historians, and technology enthusiasts seeking to understand the evolution of image capture technology from its conceptual origins through the twentieth century. Table of Contents: - Chapter Four: A New Century - The Brownie - Goerz Anschütz Camera - The Mida - Sanderson Cameras - The Ticka - The Aptus - Universal Special B - Soho Tropical Reflex - Vest Pocket Kodak - Queen Mary's Dolls' House Camera - Chapter Five: Between the Wars - TheErmanox - The Jos-Pe - The Rolleiflex - The Leica - Beau Brownie - The Contax - The Retina - Contaflex - Speed Graphic - Polyfoto Camera - Compass Camera - The Minox - Kine Exakta - Purma Special - Super Kodak Six-20 - Gandolfi Prison Camera - Chapter Six: Imitation and Innovation - The Canon IIB - The Contax 5 - The Rectaflex - Stereo Realist - The Witness - Polaroid Land Camera, Model 95 - The Nikon M - Ilford Advocate - The Wrayflex - The Periflex - The Reid - The Leica M3 - The Nikon F - Polaroid Land Automatic 100 - Olympus Pen F - The Instamatic 50 - Canon Pellix - Hasselblad Lunar Surface Camera - The Canon AE-1 - The FotoMan - Reference and Index - Further Information - Suggested Reading - Acknowledgements - Picture Credits - Index
Combat Photography - Signal Corps Historical Report
Combat Photography is a 391-page classified historical report compiled by the US Army Signal Corps (Signal Corps Historical Project, F-2b), documenting the complete history, organization, training, equipment, and operations of combat photography units during World War II. Authored by the Special Activities Branch, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Washington, November 1945 (revised June 1946). The report examines Signal Corps photographic activities from before World War I through the end of World War II across all theaters of operations: North Africa, Italy, Western Europe, the Pacific, China-Burma-India, and Japan. Chapter I covers the evolution of combat photography training, from early Signal Corps programs through wartime expansion at the Signal Corps Photographic Laboratory and Center. Chapter II details combat photographic equipment including still cameras (PH-47, PH-324, PH-261, PH-501) and motion picture cameras (PH-530), field darkrooms, accessories, and comparisons with Allied and enemy equipment. Chapter III describes unit operations including aerial photography, processing procedures, and coverage by theater. Chapters IV through VI document specific combat operations and field experiences in multiple theaters. Chapter VII covers production and distribution of combat stills and motion pictures, including ETO production statistics from June 1943 through August 1945. Chapter VIII presents lessons learned and recommendations. Eight appendices provide supplementary documentation. Table of Contents: - p.1 Chapter I: Organization and Training for Combat Photography - p.1 A. Activity Prior to World War I - p.6 B. The Pre-War Period - p.11 C. Training for World War II - p.15 D. Activation and Deployment - p.17 E. Criticism - p.21 F. Conclusions - p.26 Chapter II: Combat Photographic Equipment - p.26 A. Early Equipment - p.28 B. Still Photographic Equipment - p.34 C. Motion Picture Photographic Equipment - p.37 D. Accessories and Supplies - p.42 E. Field Laboratories - p.43 F. Field Expedients - p.45 G. Allied and Enemy Equipment - p.47 H. Conclusions - p.52 Chapter III: Operations of Combat Photographic Units - p.52 A. General - p.55 B. Personnel and Processing - p.56 C. Modus Operandi - p.57 D. Combat Coverage by Commercial Cameras - p.58 E. Reports from Theaters of Operations - F. Aerial Photography - p.73 Chapter IV - p.73 A. General - p.76 B. Operations - p.80 C. Hazards of Combat Photography - p.88 Chapter V - p.88 A. General - p.88 B. Making Feature Film in the Pacific - p.110 C. CBI-India Experiences - p.114 D. Adventures in Other Areas - p.152 Chapter VII: Production and Use of Combat Photography - p.152 A. General - p.153 B. Distribution of Combat Stills and Motion Pictures - C. Uses of Combat Photography - p.165 D. Appraisal of Combat Photography - p.167 Chapter VIII: Lessons - p.173 List of Appendices List of Illustrations: - Fig. 1, following p.7: Signal Corps Photographic Laboratory - Fig. 2, following p.9: Training in Combat Photography, 1933 - Fig. 3, following p.11: Training at Signal Corps Photographic Laboratory - Fig. 4, following p.15: Training at Signal Corps Photographic Center - Fig. 5, following p.17: Members of 161st Signal Photographic Company in Training - Fig. 6, following p.28: Camera PH-47-( ) and Components of Camera Equipment PH-104 - Fig. 7a, following p.29: Camera PH-324, as used by Combat Photographers - Fig. 7b, following p.29: Photographic Set PH-261, in use - Fig. 8, following p.31: Photographic repairmen at work - Fig. 9, following p.33: Combat Camera PH-501/PF - Fig. 10a, following p.35: Combat Photographers in Germany - Fig. 10b, following p.35: Combat Photographic Officer in North Africa - Fig. 10c, following p.35: 35mm Motion Picture Camera PH-530 - Fig. 11a, following p.42: Laboratory Darkroom AN/TFW-7, exterior - Fig. 11b, following p.42: Laboratory Darkroom AN/TFW-7, interior - Fig. 12a, following p.43: Darkroom PH-392 - Fig. 12b, following p.43: Darkroom PH-392 in use, Italy - Fig. 13, following p.56: Processing under field conditions - Fig. 14, following p.56: Improvised processing set-up - Fig. 15, following p.56: Improvised laboratory, New Caledonia - Fig. 16, following p.63: Plane used for ground reconnaissance photography - Fig. 17, following p.63: Combat Cameraman making aerial photographs - Fig. 18, following p.77: Combat Cameraman with Fifth Army, Italy - Fig. 19, following p.90: Combat Photographic Officer using Camera PH-47 on New Britain - Fig. 20a, following p.103: Trailer T-19 photographic laboratory, Munda, New Georgia - Fig. 20b, following p.103: Interior of trailer laboratory in use at Bougainville - Fig. 21, following p.113: Injured cameraman in Saipan - Fig. 22a, following p.115: Combat Photographer in Tokyo - Fig. 22b, following p.157: Motion Picture Review Board at Controls of Multiple Film Selector - Fig. 23, following p.160: Tape produced by Multiple Film Selector - Fig. 24, following p.162: Print washing room, photographic laboratory, Pentagon List of Tables and Graphs: - following p.12: Photographic Training, Officers and Enlisted Personnel, 1942-1945 - following p.12: Other Photographic Training - following p.12: Photographic Training, 1942-1945 (Graph) - following p.72: Disposition of Camera Crews, North African Theater of Operations - following p.87: Photographic Combat Coverage of New Britain Operation - following p.124: Total Combat Photography in ETO (Graph) - following p.129: Combined Battalion Distribution of Prints, June 1943 through August 1945 - following p.134: Processing of Negatives in London Still Labs, June 1943 through August 1945 (Graph) - following p.134: Processing of Prints in London Still Labs, June 1943 through August 1945 (Graph) - following p.136: Processing of Negatives in Paris Still Laboratory, November 1944 through August 1945 (Graph) - following p.136: Processing of Prints in Paris Still Laboratory, November 1944 through August 1945 (Graph) - following p.139: Combined Production of Negatives, all 3908th Signal Service Battalion Laboratories, June 1943 through August 1945 (Graph) - following p.139: Combined Production of Prints, all 3908th Signal Service Battalion Laboratories, June 1943 through August 1945 (Graph) - following p.140: Distribution of Motion Picture Film, In Footage to Organizations, January 1941 through August 1945 - following p.140: Footage of Motion Picture Film Negative sent to Washington from ETO (Graph) - following p.141: Motion Picture Production Totals, 3908th Signal Service Battalion (GHQ Pictorial) June 1943 through August 1945 (Graph) - following p.145: Motion Picture Footage Processed in England - following p.147: Motion Picture Footage Processed in France
Encyclopedia Metropolitana: Photography (1853)
Comprehensive treatise on photography by Robert Hunt, Professor of Mechanical Science at the Museum of Practical Geology. Part I covers the history of photographic discoveries including early research on solar rays, heliography, photogenic drawings, calotype, daguerreotype, and various paper processes. Part II addresses scientific investigations covering chemical action of solar rays, sensitive preparations, daguerreotype theory, photographic registration, thermography, color photography, and lenses. Part III details the practice of photography including paper selection, apparatus, sensitive paper preparation, fixing techniques, talbotype variations, daguerreotype manipulation, collodion process, albumen use, positive photographs, camera obscura, and stereoscope. Published in London by John Joseph Griffin and Co in 1853. Table of Contents: - Part i. history of discoveries in photography - CHAPTER I. Early Researches on the Chemical Action of the Solar Rays .... 3 - CHAPTER II. Heliography. The Process of M. Niepce .... 13 - CHAPTER III. Mr. H. Fox Talbot's Photogenic Drawings, Calotype, &c. .... 19 - Section I. Photogenic Drawing .... 19 - Section II. The Calotype .... 21 - Section III. Improvements in Calotype .... 28 - Section IV. Pictures on Porcelain Tablets .... 29 - Section V. Instantaneous Process .... 32 - CHAPTER IV. Daguerreotype—The Discovery of M. Daguerre .... 35 - Section I. The Original Process of Daguerre .... 35 - Section II. Improvements in Daguerreotype .... 44 - CHAPTER V. The Photographic Processes on Paper of Sir John Herschel .... 51 - Section I. Cyanotype .... 51 - Section II. Chrysotype .... 57 - Section III. Photographic Properties of Mercury .... 60 - Section IV. Ferro-Tartrate of Silver .... 61 - Section V. The Amphitype .... 62 - Section VI. The Colouring Matter of Flowers .... 64 - CHAPTER VI. Processes by the Author and Others .... 72 - Section I. Mr. Ponton's Process. (Bichromate of Potash.) .... 72 - Section II. The Ferrotype .... 76 - Section III. The Catalysotype .... 79 - Section IV. Ferrocyanide of Potassium .... 83 - Section V. The Fluorotype .... 84 - Section VI. Bromide of Silver and Mercurial Vapour .... 85 - Section VII. Positive Photographs by One Process .... 88 - Section VIII. On the Application of the Daguerreotype to Paper .... 91 - Section IX. Salts of Gold as Photographic Agents .... 95 - Section X. Dr. Schafhaeutl's Negative Process .... 96 - Section XI. Dr. Schafhaeutl's Process on Carbonised Plates .... 97 - Section XII. The Influence of Chlorine and Iodine in rendering some kinds of Wood sensitive to Light .... 98 - CHAPTER VII. Photographs on Glass Plates, and Recent Improvements .... 100 - Section I. Precipitates of Silver Salts .... 100 - Section II. Albumen .... 103 - Section III. Collodion .... 103 - CHAPTER VIII. Portraiture by the Daguerreotype .... 104 - CHAPTER IX. General Summary of the History of Photography .... 108 - Part ii. scientific investigations on photography - CHAPTER I. General Remarks on the Solar Agency producing Chemical Change .... 115 - CHAPTER II. Chemical Changes on Sensitive Preparations .... 124 - Section I. Nitrate of Silver .... 124 - Section II. Chloride of Silver .... 124 - Section III. Iodide of Silver .... 130 - Section IV. Bromide of Silver .... 131 - CHAPTER III. The Theory of the Daguerreotype .... 137 - CHAPTER IV. On the Photographic Registration of Philosophical Instruments and the Means of Determining the Variations of Actinic Power, and for Experiments on the Chemical Focus .... 153 - Section I. Photographic Registration .... 153 - Section II. Instruments for Measuring Actinic Variations, &c. .... 157 - The Photographometer .... 157 - The Focimeter .... 159 - The Dynactinometer .... 160 - CHAPTER V. Thermography .... 165 - CHAPTER VI. On the Possibility of Producing Photographs in their Natural Colours .... 172 - CHAPTER VII. On Lenses for the Photographic Camera .... 177 - Part iii. practice of photography - CHAPTER I. Selection of Paper for Photographic Purposes .... 187 - CHAPTER II. On the Apparatus necessary for the Practice of Photography on Paper .... 195 - CHAPTER III. On the Modes of Manipulation adopted in the Preparation of Sensitive Papers .... 205 - Section I. Nitrate of Silver .... 205 - Section II. Chloride of Silver .... 206 - CHAPTER IV. On Fixing the Photographic Pictures .... 211 - CHAPTER V. The Talbotype as now Practised, and its Modifications .... 218 - Section I. Mr. Cundell's Process .... 218 - Section II. Modified Processes .... 224 - Section III. M. Martin's Calotype Process .... 226 - Section IV. Calotype Process on Waxed Paper .... 231 - Section V. M. Flacheron's Process .... 233 - Section VI. Mr. Muller's Process .... 236 - CHAPTER VI. The Daguerreotype .... 237 - Section I. Daguerre's Improved Manipulation .... 237 - Section II. Polishing the Plate .... 241 - Section III. To give the Sensitive Surface to the Plate .... 242 - Section IV. To Develope the Image formed on the Plate .... 249 - Section V. Fixing the Daguerreotype Image .... 251 - Section VI. Simplification of the Daguerreotype .... 254 - CHAPTER VII. The Collodion Process .... 259 - CHAPTER VIII. The Use of Albumen on Glass Plates and on Paper .... 277 - Positive Photographs from Etchings on Glass Plates .... 284 - Albumenized Paper .... 285 - CHAPTER IX. On the Production of Positive Photographs by the use of the Hydriodic Salts .... 288 - CHAPTER X. General Remarks on the Use of the Camera Obscura .... 299 - Section I. Buildings, Statues, Landscapes, and Foliage .... 299 - Section II. Portraits from the Life .... 301 - CHAPTER XI. The Stereoscope .... 303 - Appendix .... 311 - The Photographic Patent Right .... 311 - Correspondence of English and French Weights and Measures .... 314 - Index .... 315
General Treatise on Photography - Fifth Edition
Fifth edition of a comprehensive general treatise on photography by D. V. Monckhoven. Divided into two parts: practical photography and scientific research applications in observation sciences including meteorology, micrography and astronomy. Covers historical background, photographic chemistry with silver salts, optical principles, photographic apparatus and equipment, negative processes including daguerreotype, paper photography and collodion processes, positive processes, and appendices on specialized photographic applications.
Inside the Camera Obscura: Optics and Art
Academic preprint collection (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Preprint 333, 2007) examining the optical camera obscura in early modern Europe. Covers optical theory from Alhazen through Kepler, lens and mirror technology, and the relationship between optical projection and 17th-century painting. Includes chapters on optics, lenses, mirrors, and discussions of camera obscura use by painters including Vermeer, with analysis of painting techniques and optical theory. Table of Contents: Part I – Introducing an Instrument: - p.5 The Optical Camera Obscura I: A Short Exposition — Wolfgang Lefèvre - p.13 The Optical Camera Obscura II: Images and Texts — Norma Wenczel - p.31 Projecting Nature in Early-Modern Europe — Michael John Gorman Part II – Optics: - p.53 Alhazen's Optics in Europe — Abdelhamid I. Sabra - p.59 Playing with Images in a Dark Room: Kepler's Ludi inside the Camera Obscura — Sven Dupré - p.75 Images: Real and Virtual, Projected and Perceived, from Kepler to Dechales — Alan E. Shapiro - p.95 Res Aspectabilis Cujus Forma Luminis Beneficio per Foramen Transparet — Isabelle Pantin - p.105 Clair & Distinct: Seventeenth-Century Conceptualizations of the Quality of Images — Fokko Jan Dijksterhuis Part III – Lenses and Mirrors: - p.117 The Optical Quality of Seventeenth-Century Lenses — Giuseppe Molesini - p.129 The Camera Obscura and the Availability of Seventeenth-Century Optics — Tiemen Cocquyt - p.141 Comments on 17th-Century Lenses and Projection — Klaus Staubermann Part IV – Painting: - p.149 The Camera Obscura as a Model of a New Concept of Mimesis in Seventeenth-Century Painting — Carsten Wirth - p.195 Painting Technique in the Seventeenth Century in Holland and the Possible Use of the Camera Obscura by Vermeer — Karin Groen - p.211 Neutron-Autoradiography of two Paintings by Jan Vermeer in the Gemäldegalerie Berlin — Claudia Laurenze-Landsberg - p.227 Gerrit Dou and the Concave Mirror — Philip Steadman - p.243 Imitation, Optics and Photography: Some Gross Hypotheses — Martin Kemp - p.265 List of Contributors
Library of Amateur Photography Vol. 1: Elementary Photography
First volume of a comprehensive instructional series on amateur photography published in 1915. Covers fundamental principles and laws governing photography, types of cameras, the action of light, techniques for making negatives, proper exposure and plate development, and methods for producing prints. Includes practical chapters on essential photographic techniques designed for beginners while remaining valuable for advanced practitioners. Features illustrations from professional and amateur photographers demonstrating contemporary photographic practice. Table of Contents: - Preface .... 7 - Origin of Library .... 11 - Introduction .... 13 - Chapter I: The Meaning of Photography—Its History .... 27 - Chapter II: The Camera—How to Operate It .... 41 - Chapter III: How to Proceed .... 81 - Chapter IV: Beginners' Difficulties .... 97 - Chapter V: Kodaks and Films .... 109 - Chapter VI: Kodaks and Films—Difficulties .... 139 - Chapter VII: Tank Development for Films. No Dark-Room Necessary .... 145 - Chapter VIII: Preparing Chemicals: Developing With Pyro .... 155 - Chapter IX: General Hints on Development .... 165 - Chapter X: Intensifying and Reducing .... 175 - Chapter XI: Appearance of Negatives With Different Exposures .... 181 - Chapter XII: Elementary Tank Development .... 187 - Chapter XIII: Photographic Printing .... 201 - Chapter XIV: Blue Print (Ferro-Prussiate) Sensitizing—Paper, Cloth, Silk, Etc. .... 209 - Chapter XV: Gelatin Printing-Out Paper .... 215 - Chapter XVI: Printing and Toning—Difficulties .... 229 - Chapter XVII: Developing or "Gaslight" Papers—Regular Grades .... 233 - Chapter XVIII: Developing Papers—Difficulties .... 253 - Chapter XIX: Water Tone Platinum Paper .... 255 - Chapter XX: Aristo Gold Paper .... 259 - Chapter XXI: Aristo Carbon Sepia .... 263 - Chapter XXII: Aristo Self-Toning Paper .... 265 - Chapter XXIII: Kallitype Process .... 271 - Chapter XXIV: Elementary Bromide Enlarging .... 279 - Chapter XXV: Trimming and Mounting .... 293 - Chapter XXVI: Supplementary Lenses for Hand Cameras .... 301 - Chapter XXVII: Synopsis of Hand Camera Work .... 309 - Chapter XXVIII: Practical Use of the Camera—Architectural and Landscape Photography for Beginners .... 321 - Chapter XXIX: Elementary Snow Photography .... 337 - Chapter XXX: Elementary Flashlight Photography .... 345 - Chapter XXXI: The Evolution of the Dark-Room From a Bath-Room, by Richard Hines, Jr. .... 355 - Chapter XXXII: My Dark-Room, by Ulysses G. Orr .... 363 - Chapter XXXIII: How the Studies Illustrating This Volume Were Made .... 369
Library of Amateur Photography Vol. 2 (1915)
Complete technical manual covering negative making, printing, copying, enlarging, and retouching techniques. Contains 48 chapters with detailed instructions on dry plate developing (general and detail instruction), difficulties in developing, developing under and over-exposures, negative intensifying, local intensifying, over-exposures, negative reducing, universal developing, special pyro developing for commercial photography, gaslight paper developing and printing, copying with hand or view camera, bromide enlarging, negative enlarging, and retouching of negatives. Includes 32 illustrations showing equipment, apparatus, and techniques. Published in 1915 by The Camera Publishing Company, Philadelphia. Table of Contents: - CHAPTER I. Dry Plate Developing .... 9 - Introduction .... 9 - Brief General Instruction .... 10 - CHAPTER II. Dry Plate Developing—Detail Instruction .... 13 - CHAPTER III. Difficulties—Dry Plate Developing .... 39 - CHAPTER IV. Developing Under-Exposures .... 49 - Difficulties .... 57 - CHAPTER V. General Negative Intensifying .... 63 - Difficulties .... 70 - CHAPTER VI. Local Intensifying .... 73 - Difficulties .... 76 - CHAPTER VII. Developing Over-Exposures .... 81 - CHAPTER VIII. Difficulties—Developing Over-Exposures .... 91 - CHAPTER IX. Advanced Development of Over-Timed Plates .... 99 - CHAPTER X. General Negative Reducing .... 105 - CHAPTER XI. Local Reducing .... 121 - Difficulties .... 127 - CHAPTER XII. Universal Developing .... 131 - Difficulties .... 140 - CHAPTER XIII. Special Pyro Developing for Commercial Photography .... 143 - CHAPTER XIV. Developing or Gaslight Papers—Introduction .... 153 - CHAPTER XV. Printing and Developing—Brief General Instruction .... 157 - CHAPTER XVI. Printing and Developing—Detailed Instruction .... 163 - CHAPTER XVII. Difficulties—Manipulating Gaslight Papers .... 179 - CHAPTER XVIII. Special Printing and Developing of Gaslight Papers .... 185 - CHAPTER XIX. Difficulties—Special Printing and Developing .... 201 - CHAPTER XX. Sepia Tones on Gaslight or Bromide Papers .... 205 - CHAPTER XXI. Post Cards—Gaslight Paper .... 211 - CHAPTER XXII. Copying With Hand or View Camera .... 215 - CHAPTER XXIII. Copying With Hand or View Camera—Detailed Instruction .... 221 - CHAPTER XXIV. Difficulties—Copying .... 233 - CHAPTER XXV. Bromide Enlarging by Daylight or Artificial Light .... 237 - CHAPTER XXVI. Grades of Bromide Paper and Their Use .... 245 - CHAPTER XXVII. Brief Instruction for Bromide Enlarging With the Enlarging Lantern .... 249 - CHAPTER XXVIII. Daylight Enlarging With a Pocket Film Kodak .... 251 - CHAPTER XXIX. Daylight Enlarging With the View or Hand Camera—Detailed Instruction .... 255 - CHAPTER XXX. Home-Made Apparatus Without Condensers .... 265 - CHAPTER XXXI. Bromide Enlarging—Detailed Instruction .... 269 - CHAPTER XXXII. Sepia and Green Toned Bromide Prints .... 285 - Part I—Introduction .... 285 - Part II—Rapid Sepia Tones by the Bleaching and Re-Developing Process .... 287 - Part III—Special Tones on Bromide Paper .... 291 - CHAPTER XXXIII. General Finishing of Enlargements .... 293 - CHAPTER XXXIV. Difficulties—Bromide Enlarging .... 297 - CHAPTER XXXV. Bromide Enlarging Pointers .... 301 - CHAPTER XXXVI. Negative Enlarging—Introduction .... 305 - CHAPTER XXXVII. Negative Enlarging With Large Camera .... 311 - CHAPTER XXXVIII. Negative Enlarging With a Bromide Enlarging Apparatus .... 315 - CHAPTER XXXIX. Difficulties—Negative Enlarging .... 323 - CHAPTER XL. Negative Retouching—Introduction .... 327 - CHAPTER XLI. Negative Retouching—Preparatory Instruction .... 333 - CHAPTER XLII. Negative Retouching—General Explanations .... 347 - CHAPTER XLIII. Negative Retouching—Applying the Lead to the Regular Negative .... 353 - CHAPTER XLIV. Difficulties—Removing Imperfections on Negatives .... 361 - CHAPTER XLV. Negative Retouching—Blending .... 365 - CHAPTER XLVI. Difficulties—Blending .... 375 - CHAPTER XLVII. Retouching Landscape and Architectural Negatives .... 377 - CHAPTER XLVIII. How the Studies Illustrating This Volume Were Made .... 389
Library of Amateur Photography Vol. 3 (1915)
Comprehensive instructional manual covering architectural photography, landscape and general view photography, and composition techniques. Includes 27 chapters addressing preliminary and general instruction, architectural photography details, landscape photography composition, cloud photography, seascape photography, night photography, floral photography, animal photography, natural history photography, fuzzy photography, and pin-hole photography. Contains 50 illustrations demonstrating various photographic techniques and principles. Table of Contents: - Introduction .... 21 - Chapter I. Architectural Photography Part I—Preliminary Instruction .... 27 - Chapter II. Architectural Photography Part II—General Instruction .... 49 - Chapter III. Architectural Photography Part III—Detailed Instruction .... 67 - Chapter IV. Difficulties—Architectural Photography .... 81 - Chapter V. Landscape and General View Photography Information on Choice of Apparatus and Material .... 87 - Chapter VI. Landscape and General View Photography—Composition .... 105 - Chapter VII. Instruction in Landscape Photography .... 127 - Chapter VIII. Sunlight in Landscapes Rendering Light and Shade .... 133 - Chapter IX. Part I—Figures in Landscapes .... 137 - Chapter IX. Part II—Street Photography .... 143 - Chapter X. Form of Composition .... 149 - Chapter XI. General Talk on Composition and Art .... 155 - Chapter XII. Difficulties—Landscape Photography and Composition .... 167 - Chapter XIII. Cloud Photography .... 175 - Chapter XIV. Snow and Frost Photography .... 191 - Chapter XV. Difficulties—Cloud, Snow and Frost Photography .... 199 - Chapter XVI. Part 1—Seascape Photography .... 203 - Chapter XVI. Part II—Photographing Sea Birds .... 215 - Chapter XVII. Difficulties—Seascape Photography .... 219 - Chapter XVIII. Night Photography .... 221 - Chapter XIX. Difficulties—Night Photography .... 237 - Chapter XX. Floral Photography .... 239 - Chapter XXI. Wild Flowers .... 255 - Chapter XXII. Animal Photography .... 261 - Chapter XXIII. Natural History Photography—Birds, Insects, Animals, Etc. .... 275 - Chapter XXIV. Fuzzy Photography .... 285 - Chapter XXV. Pin-Hole Photography .... 293 - Chapter XXVI. How the Studies Illustrating this Volume were Made .... 307 - Chapter XXVII. How to Understand and Enjoy the Studies Illustrating this Volume .... 317
FeaturedMcKeown’s Price guide to antique and classic Cameras 2001-2002
Comprehensive reference guide dedicated to identifying and valuing antique and classic photographic cameras. This eleventh edition (2001-2002) documents over 25,000 camera models with detailed descriptions, photographs, and price estimates. Coverage spans from early daguerreotype cameras through twentieth-century 35mm systems, encompassing medium format cameras, pocket models, and reflex designs. Each entry includes manufacturer information, technical specifications, model variations, and pricing ranges derived from actual market transactions and trade data. The guide employs a standardized condition grading system to assess camera preservation levels from cosmetic to functional states. Introductory sections explain organizational methods, valuation criteria, and factors influencing price variations based on condition and market demand. An essential resource for collectors, conservators, and photography historians seeking accurate identification and current market assessment of their photographic equipment.
Modern Methods of Carbon Printing - Second Edition
A New Treatise on the Modern Methods of Carbon Printing is a 261-page technical manual by A. M. Marton (author of The Photo-Oleograph Process and The Art and Processes of Ceramic Photography), self-published in Bloomington, Illinois, U.S.A., in its second edition (1905). The work is presented as the most comprehensive and practical treatise of its era on the carbon process, covering all aspects from basic chemistry to advanced double-transfer techniques and studio tissue manufacture. A portrait photograph of the author with a handwritten dedication appears on the second page. The volume is organized in five parts. Part I covers introductory concepts, process overview, technical terminology, workroom requirements, pigment tissue, bichromate solutions, sensitizing and drying methods. Part II covers negative preparation, stripping and reversing plates, the photometer (including Marton's own design), printing operations and exposure theory. Part III covers single and double transfer processes, development techniques, hot weather printing, acid and alkali treatments, reduction, finishing, transfer to glass, canvas and ivory supports, and mounting. Part IV covers carbon positives on glass, window transparencies, lantern slides, toning and intensifying, negative reproduction, and enlargements by solar camera and artificial light. Part V (Appendix) covers the manufacture of carbon tissue in the studio, pigment selection, coating machines, and a brief history of the carbon process including Swan's original patent. Table of Contents: Part I: - p.9 Chapter I: The Introduction - p.12 Chapter II: A Brief Recapitulation of the Entire Carbon Process - p.14 Chapter III: Words and Terms used in the Carbon Process - p.20 Chapter IV: The Work Rooms, Arrangement of Light, etc. - p.23 Chapter V: The Carbon or Pigment Tissue — Its Condition and Appearance - p.26 Chapter VI: Bichromate of Potash — Bichromate of Ammonia — Bichromate Poisoning - p.28 Chapter VII: The Bichromate Bath — Formulae for Special Purposes - p.36 Chapter VIII: Practical Notes on Chemical Constituents of the Bichromate Bath - p.39 Chapter IX: The Squeegee, its Construction and Use - p.41 Chapter X: Sensitizing the Tissue — Various Methods - p.48 Chapter XI: Drying the Sensitive Carbon or Pigment Tissue - p.56 Chapter XII: Care of the Sensitive Tissue Part II: - p.61 Chapter I: The Negative — Quality and Style — Prisms and Reversing Mirrors - p.66 Chapter II: Stripping and Reversing Negatives - p.74 Chapter III: The Make-ready or Preparing the Negative for Printing - p.78 Chapter IV: The Photometer — Marton's Photometer - p.82 Chapter V: Printing Operations — Finding the Speed of a Negative - p.87 Chapter VI: The Continuing Action of Light — Theory of the Latent Image Part III: - p.91 Chapter I: The Single Transfer Process - p.97 Chapter II: The Transfer, or Mounting the Exposed Tissue upon Supports - p.106 Chapter III: The Hot Water Supply - p.108 Chapter IV: Development - p.117 Chapter V: Marton's Perfection Developing Tray - p.126 Chapter VI: Development on Heavy Celluloid, Porcelain or Opal Glass - p.129 Chapter VII: Carbon Printing in Hot Weather - p.132 Chapter VIII: The Use of Acids and Alkalies in Development - p.138 Chapter IX: The Reduction of Carbon Pictures — The Alum Bath - p.143 Chapter X: The Double Transfer Process — Waxing Solutions - p.147 Chapter XI: Opal and Ground Glass Temporary Supports - p.150 Chapter XII: Double Transfer Pictures From Polished Glass - p.154 Chapter XIII: Transfer to Dry Collodion Plates - p.157 Chapter XIV: The Wet Process — With Collodion Film - p.161 Chapter XV: The Final Transfer From a Flexible Support - p.166 Chapter XVI: Final Transfer from Glass or Opal Plates - p.170 Chapter XVII: Mounting and Finishing — Enameling Carbon Prints - p.175 Chapter XVIII: Carbon Pictures Upon Ivory and Canvas Part IV: - p.181 Chapter I: Carbon Positives on Glass - p.183 Chapter II: Preparation of Glass Plates for Window Transparencies - p.186 Chapter III: Window Transparencies in Monochrome and Colors - p.190 Chapter IV: The Lantern Slide - p.194 Chapter V: Toning and Intensifying Carbon Pictures - p.198 Chapter VI: Reproduction of Negatives from Carbon Positive Transparencies - p.202 Chapter VII: Carbon Enlargements by Artificial Light and Solar Camera - p.206 Chapter VIII: Failures — Their Cause and Remedy Part V — Appendix: - p.214 Chapter I: Carbon Tissue — Requirements for Studio Manufacture - p.217 Chapter II: The Choice of Pigments or Coloring Matter - p.222 Chapter III: The Manufacture of Carbon Tissue in the Studio - p.225 Chapter IV: The Gelatine Compound — Mixing the Pigments - p.234 Chapter VI: Preparing the Pigment Compounds - p.236 Chapter VII: Coating the Paper With the Pigmented Jelly - p.242 Chapter VIII: A Brief History of the Carbon Process - p.245 Chapter IX: Patent Specification of Swan's Carbon Process - p.257 Chapter X: Improvements of Swan, Johnson, Sawyer and Lambert
Optics for Photographers
Technical manual on geometric optics and lens design for photographers. Covers sources and propagation of light, pinhole camera principle, refraction and reflection of light, simple and centered lens systems, spherical and chromatic aberrations, astigmatism, coma, field curvature, ray limitation, orthoscopy, image brightness, depth of focus, optical glass, principal lens types (astigmats and anastigmats), reflection and absorption in photographic lenses, and teleobjectivies. Includes practical methods for determining equivalent focal length, relative aperture, angle of view, focal length for given plate sizes, and lens quality assessment. Contains 57 illustrations. Originally translated from German and published serially in American Photography magazine. Table of Contents: - Chapter I Sources and Propagation of Light .... 1 - Chapter II The Pinhole Camera .... 5 - Chapter III The Course of the Light Rays on Passing into another Medium .... 15 - Chapter IV Refraction of Light at Several Planes .... 24 - Chapter V Reflection of Light at a Curved Surface .... 32 - Chapter VI The Simple Lens .... 41 - Chapter VII Centered Lens Systems .... 51 - Chapter VIII The Actual Realization of Optical Image Formation .... 65 - A. Spherical Aberration of an Axial Pencil .... 67 - B. Aberrations in the Imaging of a Small Surface near the Axis .... 74 - C. Astigmatism .... 76 - D. Coma .... 82 - E. Curvature of Field .... 84 - Chapter IX Limitation of the Rays .... 87 - Chapter X Orthoscopy .... 94 - Chapter XI The Brightness of the Image .... 98 - Chapter XII Depth of Focus .... 110 - Chapter XIII Color Aberrations and Optical Glass .... 120 - Chapter XIV The Principal Types of Lenses .... 135 - Part I. Astigmats .... 135 - 1. The Simple Collecting Lens .... 135 - 2. The Achromatic Collecting Lens .... 137 - 3. The Aplanat of A. Steinheil as Representative of the Symmetrical Objectives .... 138 - 4. A. Steinheil's Periscope .... 144 - 5. The Portrait Objective of J. Petzval .... 144 - 6. The Antiplanet of A. Steinheil .... 147 - Part II. Anastigmats .... 148 - 1. The Protars of P. Rudolph .... 150 - 2. The Protar Set of P. Rudolph .... 151 - 3. Symmetrical Objectives with Cemented Elements .... 155 - 4. Von Höegh's Anastigmatic Meniscus .... 158 - 5. The Celor and Syntor of E. von Höegh .... 162 - 6. The Symmetrical Objective of the Gaussian Type .... 164 - 7. The Symmetrical Objectives with Cemented and Single Lenses .... 167 - 8. The Unar of P. Rudolph .... 168 - 9. The Unofocal of R. Steinheil .... 169 - 10. The Cooke Lens of H. Dennis Taylor .... 170 - 11. The Triplets with Collecting Cemented Surfaces of H. Harting and P. Rudolph .... 171 - 12. Objectives Corrected for the Secondary Spectrum .... 174 - 13. Conclusion .... 174 - Chapter XV Reflection and Absorption in Photographic Lenses .... 178 - Chapter XVI The Teleobjective .... 184 - Chapter XVII Conclusion .... 194 - A. Determination of Equivalent Focal Length .... 194 - B. Determination of Relative Aperture .... 196 - C. Determination of the Size of the Circle of Illumination and Angle of View .... 197 - D. Determination of the Distance Relation from the Scale of Reduction .... 202 - E. Focal Length for a Given Size of Plate .... 207 - F. Determination of the Quality of Correction of a Lens .... 208 - I. Chemical Focus .... 209 - II. Focal Difference .... 210 - III. The Extent of the Sharp Image .... 211 - G. Technical Defects of the Lens .... 212 - H. The Position of the Ray Filter with Relation to the Lens .... 213
FeaturedRussian & Soviet Cameras 1840-1991
Comprehensive reference catalogue dedicated to the history of Russian and Soviet camera manufacturing spanning 1840 to 1991. The publication is structured into two distinct historical periods: the Russian period (1840-1914) documenting innovations by Russian entrepreneurs and engineers, and the Soviet period (1929-1991) covering state enterprise industrial production. The first section inventories general-purpose cameras ranging from early daguerreotype models to sophisticated reflex designs, alongside specialized equipment for military reconnaissance, aerial photography, and scientific applications. It extensively covers developments in photographic optics and shutter mechanisms. The second section presents serial production models developed after the Revolution, with detailed technical specifications for each camera including format, capacity, shutter type, and lens characteristics. The catalogue features technical illustrations and photographic documentation of representative models. This work represents an invaluable resource for collectors and photography historians, providing unique insight into technological advancement within an industrial sector across two fundamentally different political systems.
Small Guide to Black and White in Digital Photography
Practical guide for beginners on black and white digital photography. Covers digital camera sensors, photosites, Bayer matrix, color filters, microlenses, RAW vs JPEG conversion methods, desaturation techniques, and grayscale conversion using software such as Adobe Photoshop. Explains how to shoot black and white using camera modes, parametric conversions, and RAW file development.
Stereoscopic Photography - Science, Industry and Education
Stereoscopic Photography — Its Application to Science, Industry and Education is a 385-page reference work by Arthur W. Judge (Associate of the Royal College of Science, London; Whitworth Scholar; Member of the Royal Photographic Society), published by Chapman and Hall, London, in its second revised and enlarged edition (1935), expanded by 94 pages from the first edition of 1926. The work covers the complete theory and practice of stereoscopic photography across twenty-one chapters: the physiological causes of stereoscopic vision, photographic principles in stereoscopy, single-lens camera techniques, camera selection and accessories, stereoscopic cameras, viewing systems, photographic processes, close-up and wide-angle stereograms, pseudo-stereoscopic results, monocular vision relief impressions, stereoscopic instruments, educational and scientific applications, microscopy, astronomy, radiography, aerial photography, anaglyphs, and stereoscopic projection. The bibliography (p.331) and index (p.335) complete the volume. A full-page advertisement on p.384 promotes the Rolleidoscop and Heidoscop stereo cameras by Franke & Heidecke — precision instruments of the highest quality fitted with Zeiss Tessar lenses — distributed in Great Britain by Hunter R. F. Ltd., 51 Gray's Inn Road, London W.C.1. Table of Contents: - Chapter I: Introductory - p.4 Chapter II: The Causes of Stereoscopic Vision - p.34 Chapter III: Photographic Principles in Stereoscopy - p.42 Chapter IV: Stereoscopy with a Single Lens Camera - p.60 Chapter V: The Selection of Cameras and Accessories - p.73 Chapter VI: Stereoscopic Cameras - Chapter VII: The Viewing of Stereograms - Chapter VIII: Photographic Processes and Notes - p.159 Chapter IX: Stereoscopic Photography of Small Objects - p.166 Chapter X: The Wide Angle Stereogram - p.171 Chapter XI: Pseudo-Stereoscopic Results - p.178 Chapter XII: Monocular Vision Relief Impressions - p.183 Chapter XIII: Some Stereoscopic Instruments - p.195 Chapter XIV: Stereoscopic Applications and Curiosities - p.213 Chapter XV: Anaglyphs - Chapter XVI: Educational and Scientific Applications - Chapter XVII: Stereoscopy and Microscopy - Chapter XVIII: The Application of Stereoscopy to Astronomy - p.270 Chapter XIX: Stereoscopy and Radiography - p.284 Chapter XX: Stereoscopic Aerial Photography - p.308 Chapter XXI: The Projection of Stereoscopic Pictures - p.331 Bibliography - p.335 Index
The Beginnings of an Amateur Photographer
Instructional guide by Jacques Ducom on amateur photography fundamentals. Includes a preface by Gaston Tissandier and a historical overview of photography development from ancient times through the 19th century. Covers optical principles, photographic processes, and practical advice for beginners. Third edition revised to include recent technical advances.