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Learning Electronics from Scratch - Level 2
by ELECTRONIQUE
This comprehensive educational manual is designed as a progressive continuation for learners who have completed foundational electronics knowledge. The second level course builds upon basic concepts to introduce more complex electronic principles and practical applications. The material covers intermediate topics in circuit theory, component analysis, and hands-on electronic construction techniques. Through structured lessons and detailed explanations, students develop competencies in understanding multi-stage circuits, amplification systems, and advanced troubleshooting methods. The guide includes theoretical foundations combined with practical exercises that reinforce learning objectives. Readers will gain proficiency in reading schematics, identifying component functions, and understanding how different electronic elements interact within complete systems. This manual serves as an essential reference for hobbyists, technicians in training, and anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of electronic principles and applications beyond introductory level.
Table of Contents:
- Lesson 29-1: Level 2
- From an alternating voltage to a stabilized DC voltage
- Rectifying an alternating voltage
- What is the electrolytic capacitor for?
- Reminder
- The stabilized voltage
- A zener diode as a stabilizer
- Calculation examples
- The disadvantages of the zener diode
- A zener diode and a transistor
- To increase the output by 0.7 volt
- The value of resistor R1
- The voltage on the collector input
- Lesson 29-2: Power supplies
- Making the output voltage more stable
- Designing a power supply
- Calculation of the resistance
- Calculation of resistor R2
- Calculation of resistor R4
- Calculation of resistor R3
- A power supply with Darlington amplifier
- Calculation of resistor R1
- Calculation of resistor R2
- Calculation of resistor R4
- Calculation of resistor R3
- The values of resistors R4 and R3
- An operational amplifier as substitution for TR2
- Calculation of resistor R1
- Calculation of resistor R4
- Calculation of resistor R3
- The values of resistors R4 and R3
- The operational amplifier
- Protection against short circuits
- Lesson 29-3: LX.5029: Power supply 5V to 22V - 2A
- The practical realization
- Component list
- Important
- Lesson 30-1: Power supplies (continued)
- Fixed voltage stabilizer integrated circuits
- Table 1: Positive integrated regulators series 78xx
- Table 2: Negative integrated regulators series 79xx
- Table 3: Positive integrated regulators series 78Lxx
- Table 4: Negative integrated regulators series 79Lxx
- Input voltage
- Output voltage tolerance
- Input and output capacitor
- To increase the output voltage
- To increase the output current
- Calculate the value of R1
- From theory to practice
- Protection against short circuits
- Lesson 30-2: Power supplies (continued)
- Integrated circuits for variable voltages
- Maximum input/output voltage
- Minimum output voltage
- Maximum output current
- Maximum power
- Fixed voltage power supplies with a variable regulator
- Value of resistor R1
- Calculation of resistor R2
- The functions of diodes DS1 and DS2
- The value of electrolytic capacitors
- To increase the output current
- Calculate the value of R3
- Variable stabilized power supplies
- The LM317 integrated circuit as a current stabilizer
- Current as a function of R1
- Calculate the value of R1
- To obtain more current
- Lesson 30-3: LX.5030: Dual power supply 5-9-12-15V at 1.2A
- The practical realization
- Calibration
- Lesson 31-1: Operational amplifiers
- The "+" and "-" input pins
- Input with the "+" sign
- Input with the "-" sign
- Single power supply
- Input with the "-" sign with a single power supply
- The advantages of an operational amplifier
- Gain
- High input impedance
- Low output impedance
- Wide bandwidth
- Component list for dual power supply LX.5030
- Lesson 31-2: Operational amplifiers (continued)
- DC preamplifier, powered by dual voltage, using non-inverting input
- DC preamplifier, powered by single voltage, using non-inverting input
- DC preamplifier, powered by dual voltage, using inverting input
- DC preamplifier, powered by single voltage, using inverting input
- AC preamplifier, powered by dual voltage, using non-inverting input
- AC preamplifier, powered by single voltage, using non-inverting input
- AC preamplifier, powered by dual voltage, using inverting input
- AC preamplifier, powered by single voltage, using inverting input
- The advantages of a dual AC amplifier
- Bandwidth
- Gain limitation
- Gain and bandwidth
- Two operational amplifiers in series with non-inverting input
- Two operational amplifiers in series with inverting input
- To avoid auto-oscillations
- Lesson 31-3: EN5031 and EN5032: Two BF signal generators
- The triangular signal generator EN5031
- Component list EN5031
- Practical realization of the triangular signal generator
- The sinusoidal signal generator EN5032
- Component list EN5032
- Practical realization of the sinusoidal signal generator
- Lesson 31-4: EN5033: Capacimeter for multimeter
- The operating principle
- The first condition
- The second condition
- A good sketch is worth more...
- Component list EN5033
- The electrical schematic
- The practical realization
- Capacimeter adjustment
- To conclude
- Lesson 32-1: Operational amplifiers: Commented schematic library (1)
- Electrical schematics of op amp circuits
- BF preamplifier using non-inverting input
- BF preamplifier using inverting input
- BF signal mixer
- Differential amplifier
- Voltage comparators
- Window comparators
- Window comparator variant
- Schmitt trigger powered by dual voltage
- Schmitt trigger powered by single voltage
- Schmitt trigger with adjustable threshold
- Lesson 32-2: Operational amplifiers: Commented schematic library (2)
- Constant current generator powered by dual voltage
- Constant current generator powered by single voltage
- Sinusoidal wave generator powered by dual voltage
- Sinusoidal wave generator powered by single voltage
- Square wave generator powered by dual voltage
- Square wave generator powered by single voltage
- Calculate the frequency value
- Triangular wave generator powered by single voltage
- Sawtooth wave generator powered by dual voltage
- Sawtooth wave generator powered by single voltage
- Alternating signal rectifiers
- Ideal rectifier powered by dual voltage
- Ideal rectifier powered by single voltage
- The electronics course and its formulas
- About our way of writing formulas
- Our formulas are correct!
- Lesson 33-1: Operational amplifiers: Filters (1)
- Low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and "notch" filters
- Attenuation in dB per octave
- What octave means
- Low-pass filter
- High-pass filter
- Band-pass filter
- "Notch" filter
- First order band-pass filter
- Example of frequency calculation
- Example of capacitance calculation
- Example of resistance calculation
- First order high-pass filters
- Example of frequency calculation
- Example of capacitor capacitance calculation
- Example of resistance calculation
- Band-pass filters with an operational amplifier
- Calculation example
- Band-pass filters with two operational amplifiers
- Calculation example
- Very wide band-pass filters
- Lesson 33-2: Operational amplifiers: Filters (2)
- First order "notch" filters
- Example of frequency calculation
- Example of capacitance calculation
- Example of resistance calculation
- Second order filters
- Second order low-pass filters
- Second order high-pass filters
- Second order "notch" filters
- Higher order filters
- Third order low-pass filters
- Third order high-pass filters
- Fourth order low-pass filter
- Fourth order high-pass filter
- To conclude
- Lesson 34-1: What about dB (1)
- Calculate dB when you know the voltage ratio
- Calculate voltage gain when you only know the dB value
- Calculate dB when you know the power ratio
- Calculate power gain when you only know the dB value
- Convert a voltage ratio to power and vice-versa
- dB used as gain or as attenuation
- Gain of a receiving antenna
- Gain of a transmitting antenna
- Lesson 34-2: What about dB (2)
- Power gain of an HF transistor
- Power gain of a Hi-Fi final stage
- Calculation of attenuation of "crossover" filters for acoustic speakers
- How to read the dB of a VU meter
- Attenuation of television coaxial cables
- Conclusion
- Table of decibels from 0 dB to 35.0 dB
- Table of decibels from 35.1 dB to 70.0 dB
- Lesson 35-1:
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Document Details
- Format
- Pages
- 219
- Size
- 22.2 MB
- Category
- DIY & Home Improvement